Projectile Energy Calculator
Disclaimer: This tool estimates kinetic energy only. Injury risk cannot be determined from joules alone.
Real-world outcomes depend on projectile shape/material, impact area (energy density), distance, target tissue, and hit location.
The “risk bands” shown are simplified training labels and are not an official standard or medical/legal guidance.
Always follow applicable laws, manufacturer instructions, and safety practices.
Kinetic Energy
\[
E = \frac{1}{2} m v^2
\]
\[
m_{\text{kg}}=\frac{m_{\text{g}}}{1000},\quad
v_{\text{m/s}}=v_{\text{fps}}\cdot 0.3048
\]
Energy Bands (simplified)
- < 60 J: Low Risk / Pain Compliance
- 60–85 J: Cautionary / Incapacitation
- 85–200 J: High Risk / Potentially Lethal
- > 200 J: Lethal / Unacceptable for Less-Lethal
Less Lethal Ballistics Calculator V0.3 (Beta)
32–90 °F supported • 39.2 °F = 4 °C baseline
Penetration is computed at 39.2 °F then multiplied by a temperature factor.
Enter inputs, then press Calculate.
Muzzle velocity (FPS)
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Impact velocity (FPS)
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Muzzle energy (J)
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Impact energy (J)
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Energy density (J/in²)
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Penetration @ 39.2 °F baseline (in)
—
Temperature factor (×)
—
Adjusted penetration (in)
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Projectile drop (in)
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Energy density indicator
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Human Impact Interpretation
Calculate to see what this energy density typically feels like / risks.
Note: This is a simplified, non-medical interpretation of impact severity. Real outcomes depend on location (eye/temple/throat), angle,
clothing, and projectile behavior.
Sources: —
Disclaimer
This calculator uses simplified physical models. Gel penetration is an empirical curve fit for hard spheres based on provided data points, not a general material law.
Real penetration depends on projectile shape, deformation, yaw, fragmentation, and calibration conditions.
Do not use for medical, legal, safety, or operational decisions.